If you attended my workshop you, I make it pretty clear that I’m not a social security disability expert. While I do understand the basics, I try to stay away from specific recommendations. Workshop attendees always ask me to explain the difference between SSDI and SSI. Here’s what know.
SSDI vs. SSI: What’s the Difference?
The primary distinction between Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) is the eligibility criteria. While both programs provide monthly benefits for people with disabilities, they are based on different factors.
- SSDI is an earned benefit based on your work history.
- SSI is a needs-based program designed for individuals with limited income and resources.
Here’s a closer look at each program:
Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)
Eligibility
To qualify for SSDI, you must meet two main requirements:
- A qualifying disability (as defined by Social Security).
- A sufficient work history (typically 40 work credits, which are earned through working and paying Social Security taxes).
Funding
SSDI is funded by payroll taxes that workers pay into the Social Security system.
Benefit Amount
Your SSDI benefit is determined by your average lifetime earnings and is paid to you at your Full Retirement Age (FRA), regardless of when you apply. For example, if you’re 62 years old and qualify for SSDI, your benefit will be based on your Primary Insurance Amount (PIA) at your FRA.
Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
Eligibility
SSI benefits are available to individuals with a qualifying disability and limited income and resources. It’s also available to individuals aged 65 or older, even if they don’t have a disability.
Funding
SSI is funded by general tax revenue rather than the Social Security trust fund.
Benefit Amount
SSI provides a fixed monthly benefit that can vary based on your income and resources. For 2025, the maximum federal SSI benefit is:
- $967 per month for an individual
- $1,450 per month for a couple
Medicaid
In many states, SSI recipients automatically qualify for Medicaid, which provides health coverage.
Summary
- SSDI is for those who have a work history and are unable to work due to a disability. The benefit amount is based on earnings and is funded by payroll taxes.
- SSI is for individuals with limited income and resources, including those over 65. It provides a fixed benefit amount and is funded by general tax revenue.
Both programs play crucial roles in supporting individuals with disabilities, but they have different eligibility requirements and benefit structures.
